World bank has mentioned to effective factors of foreign investment FLOWs in its 2008 report, and announced that widespread foreign investment FLOWs has caused CAPITAL movement between countries to be attended in recent years in title of “global CAPITAL FLOWs”.Countries in different income groups play different roles in global CAPITAL FLOWs, as lots of them are investors and others are host. On the other hand, effect of countries in different income groups of global CAPITAL movement is different. So, lots of developing countries not only can not attract the international financial recourses, but also they fact CAPITAL flight.The main question of this research is evaluation of net and gross quantity and stability of global foreign private investment FLOWs which include foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, loans and commercial credits. So, the effect of groups of countries on international financial resources movement will be evaluated. Many expert believe that CAPITAL OUTgoing or in the other word, CAPITAL flight from developing countries to developed countries is due to different economic, politic and social structures of countries. So, evaluation of global CAPITAL FLOWs and its stability can come to account as a way for preserving and attracting of financial resources which is fundamental factor of economic growth in such countries.The results of research emphasize that there is a significant statistical different between income groups in term of gross quantity of global CAPITAL FLOWs, in a way that OECD countries have experienced the most participation in CAPITAL movements.

Objective: Firstly, this research investigates the relationship between cash volatility and financing decisions and then, investigates the effect of cash FLOW shortfalls on the relationship between financing through debt and cash FLOW volatility. So, based on theoretical background and pervious researches two hypotheses were developed. Based on first hypothesis, a positive relationship is expected between cash FLOW risks and debt level in CAPITAL structure of firms. Those firms facing with increased risk of cash FLOWs, may need extra cash for the financing of their operations or they may face with a shortage of cash which in this case they will look for ways of financing through issuing debt. Also, it is expected that a shortage in operating cash FLOWs affects the relationship between cash FLOW risk and CAPITAL structure. In another words, the relationship between debt in CAPITAL structure and cash FLOW risks is stronger for those firms with a shortage in operating cash FLOWs. Methods: This is an applied research and we have used the regression to run the research models. The Research sample consists of 178 firms (1068 firm-years) listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during 2014 and 2019. Research sample is excluded from financial firms, banks, insurance firms or firms with missing data. All data have been winsorized at the one percent and 99 percent levels. Results: As expected, the results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between cash FLOW volatility and CAPITAL structure (use of debt). So, it can be said that those firms facing a higher risk of cash FLOWs, issue more debt. In addition, the results show that the relationship between cash FLOW risk and the use of debt in CAPITAL structure is tenser for firms with low operational cash FLOWs. For those firms with high operating cash FLOW this relationship does not exist. Conclusion: increased risk of cash FLOWs results in the need for financing of activities through cash FLOW or creates a loss or shortage of cash FLOWs by firms. Thereby, firms look for the way to finance through issuing debts. Thereby, it is advisable for lenders and also for investor and analyst to pay especial attention to cash FLOW variances and risk when analyzing cash FLOW statements, operating cash FLOWs and the financial statements of companies. Also, auditors should consider these risk when assessing the continuity principle for issuing an audit report. Future researches can identify other factor affecting the relationship between cash FLOW risk and issuing debt. Also, the effects of financing level limitation on the relationship between cash FLOW risk and CAPITAL structure can be investigated in future papers.

Introduction & Objective: Shoulder joint is the most common articular dislocations in the body. There are many surgical techniques for the treatment of recurrent shoulder dislocation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the short-term results of surgical technique of modified Bankart repair for recurrent anterior shoulder instability.Materials & Methods: Twenty patients underwent an operation at Tabriz Shohada hospital, from May 2005 to December 2007 and were followed up for at least 18 months. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. Results: There were 85% male and 15% female participants in the study, with the average age of 24.7 years (14-46 years). The mean number of dislocation episode before surgery was 6 (3-11). Two had minor glenoid rim fracture. There was no case of rotator cuff tear. During the follow up after surgery, two patients had recurrence of dislocation. The mean Rowe score was 94 and no infection or neurological complication was reported. Average external rotation loss was 5°.Conclusion: According to the above-mentioned data, modified bankart procedure is an acceptable method for treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder.